Article
From phenotype to biology: a multi-modal roadmap of biofluid, tissue, imaging, and digital biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.
Translational neurodegeneration - 28 May 2026
Yu Zhenwei, Su Dongning, Li Siming, Lin Shinuan, Ren Kang, Feng Tao
Abstract excerpt
The definition of Parkinson's disease (PD) is undergoing a profound transformation from a "clinical syndrome" to a "biological entity", with development of two objective biological classification systems, the NSD-ISS (Neuronal Alpha-Synuclein Disease Integrated Staging System) and the SynNeurGe framework. Multimodal diagnostic tools further improve the detection of PD. This review synthesizes advances in three...
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