Acoustic and visual traits predict species nuclearity in Neotropical mixed-species bird flocks.

Abstract excerpt

Mixed-species bird flocks constitute a striking example of heterospecific sociality, offering participants potential benefits such as enhanced foraging efficiency and reduced predation risk. Yet, not all species join these flocks with the same frequency. Moreover, beyond simply participating, species may play distinct roles within flock networks. While some bird species may exhibit high nuclearity and occupy a...

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