Article
How Genotype-by-Environment Interactions Can Maintain Variation in Mutualisms.
The American naturalist - 1 Feb 2026
Carlson Christopher I, Frederickson Megan E, Osmond Matthew M
Abstract excerpt
AbstractCoevolution requires reciprocal genotype-by-genotype (G × G) interactions for fitness, which occur when the fitness of a genotype in one species depends on the genotype it interacts with in another species and vice versa. However, in mutualisms, when G × G interactions are mutually beneficial, simple models predict that the resulting positive feedbacks will erode genetic variation. Here, we explore how...
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