Ontogeny of cortisol reaction norms in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus).

Abstract excerpt

Phenotypic plasticity enables animals to adjust physiology, behaviour, morphology and life-history traits in response to changing conditions, either reversibly or through irreversible developmental shifts. In long-lived species, early-life phenotypic changes can have profound consequences if they persist into adulthood. Understanding the balance between stable and flexible trait expression across ontogeny is...

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