Article
Longitudinal associations of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, residential greenness, and air temperature with type 2 diabetes subphenotypes: Results from the KORA cohort study.
Environment international - 1 Feb 2026
Xi Yue, Breitner-Busch Susanne, Dong Qiuling, Wolf Kathrin, Dallavalle Marco, Nikolaou Nikolaos, Cyrys Josef, Grallert Harald, Linkohr Birgit, Rathmann Wolfgang, Herder Christian, Schwettmann Lars, Thorand Barbara, von Schwartzenberg Reiner Jumpertz, Peters Annette
Abstract excerpt
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between environmental exposures and specific type 2 diabetes (T2D) subphenotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We categorized T2D participants from the KORA F4 (2006-2008) and FF4 (2013-2014) study waves into three phenotypes using k-means clustering: Cluster A (insulin deficiency); Cluster B (age-related diabetes); and Cluster C (higher insulin resistance). The annual...
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