Article
In utero and early life exposures to smoking are associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism - 1 Dec 2025
Ohnishi Takuma, Zhao Megan, Shi Min, Volochayev Rita, Jackson Sharon H, Jansen Anna, Bayat Nastaran, Farhadi Payam Noroozi, Sarkar Kakali, Flegel Willy A, Parks Christine G, Weinberg Clarice R, Miller Frederick W, Schiffenbauer Adam, Rider Lisa G
Abstract excerpt
OBJECTIVE: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We examined pregnancy complications, early life events (birth season, birth order, feeding), and exposures to tobacco smoking in relation to SARD diagnosis. METHODS: In a case-control study, probands with SARDs were compared to same-sex close-in-age unaffected siblings (US), and demographically-matched...
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