Molecular regulatory mechanisms and diagnostic potential of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in liver transplantation: from immune tolerance induction to translational challenges

Abstract excerpt

Liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD); however, immune rejection significantly hampers its long-term success. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DEXs) have emerged as a promising tool for inducing immune tolerance and enabling precise immunomodulation in liver transplantation, owing to their unique bidirectional immunoregulatory capabilities. This review...

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