Article
Investigating the Relationship Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Handedness: Extending the Proxy Gene-by-Environment Mendelian Randomization Study Design to Include Polygenic Risk Scores.
Behavior genetics - 1 Jul 2025
Crick Daisy C P, Medland Sarah E, Smith George Davey, Evans David M
Abstract excerpt
Hand preference first appears in early development, yet twin studies and GWAS show that only a minority of variance is explained by heritable genetic factors. Using UK Biobank data and multivariable logistic regression to test associations between potential causes of handedness and offspring hand preference, we then investigated the potential causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring...
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