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Article

Gender and sex interactions are intrinsic components of cancer phenotypes.

Nature reviews. Cancer - 1 Aug 2025

Rubin Joshua B

Abstract excerpt

Sex is a significant determinant of cancer incidence and outcome. The effects of sexual differentiation on normal and cancer biology underly this epidemiology. The resultant sex differences in therapeutic target pathways and processes provide a foundation for developing more personalized cancer treatments. However, our efforts at personalization cannot stop there. Humans also have gender, and sex and gender are...

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PMID: 40389544
DOI: 10.1038/s41568-025-00829-4

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