Article
The association of cigarette smoking with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy: based on cross-sectional survey and mendelian randomization
31 Dec 2024
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: The relationship between cigarette smoking and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains controversial, as existing studies have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and both the development and progression of DR. METHODS: This study encompassed two complementary approaches. First, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the association...
Read the complete abstract on PubMedTopics
Share this publication in a Topic to start or enrich a Post.
