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The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus: a review of its historical evolution, global distribution, adaptive mutations and receptor binding properties.

Poultry science - 1 Aug 2024

Liu Jing, Liang Zhaoping, Sun Wenchao, Hua Weiping, Huang Shujian, Wen Feng

Abstract excerpt

The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) exhibits a wide host range and is commonly found in migratory waterfowl. Recent studies have revealed that the H4N6 AIV can infect guinea pigs via aerosol transmission without prior adaptation. Additionally, the Q226L/G228S substitutions in the receptor-binding site have led to structural changes in globular head of H4 AIV, resulting in a configuration similar to that...

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Identifiers

PMID: 38914042
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103913
PMCID: PMC11254717

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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