Protective efficacy and immune responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) immunized with an inactivated vaccine against the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVa.

Abstract excerpt

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, prompting the need for effective preventive measures. Here, we developed an inactivated VHSV and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the host's protective response against VHSV. The vaccine was created by treating VHSV with 0.05 % formalin at 16 °C for 48 h, which was determined to be the most effective...

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