Article
Molecular changes underlying pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An updated review.
1 Jul 2024
Abstract excerpt
gene, SIRT1 downregulation, macrophage polarization to M1, as well as the involvement of the noncanonical Wnt5A signaling pathway, among other alterations. Additionally, in advanced stages of COPD, PE development is potentiated by dysregulations in autophagy, which promotes senescence and subsequently cell apoptosis, through exacerbated inflammasome activation and release of caspases. On the other hand, CB or the...
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