The adjuvant effect of bacterium-like particles depends on the route of administration

Abstract excerpt

Direct administration of vaccines to mucosal surfaces, such as via oral or nasal vaccination, represents an attractive alternative, or complement, to current parenteral vaccination because it has a potential to induce antigen-specific immunity both at mucosal and systemic tissues. Although bacterium-like particles (BLPs), peptidoglycan structures derived from lactic acid bacteria, have been investigated as a...

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