Causal associations between gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study

Abstract excerpt

Background Observational studies have shown gut microbiomes were associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but their roles remain controversial, and these associations have not yet been established causally. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate whether gut microbiome had a causal effect on the risk of CVDs. To obtain comprehensive results, we performed two sets of MR...

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