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Article

Epidermal chloroplasts are defense-related motile organelles equipped with plant immune components.

Nature communications - 20 May 2021

Irieda Hiroki, Takano Yoshitaka

Abstract excerpt

In addition to conspicuous large mesophyll chloroplasts, where most photosynthesis occurs, small epidermal chloroplasts have also been observed in plant leaves. However, the functional significance of this small organelle remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that Arabidopsis epidermal chloroplasts control the entry of fungal pathogens. In entry trials, specialized fungal cells called appressoria triggered...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34016974
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22977-5
PMCID: PMC8137707

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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