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Article

Cytochrome bd promotes Escherichia coli biofilm antibiotic tolerance by regulating accumulation of noxious chemicals.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes - 16 Apr 2021

Beebout Connor J, Sominsky Levy A, Eberly Allison R, Van Horn Gerald T, Hadjifrangiskou Maria

Abstract excerpt

Nutrient gradients in biofilms cause bacteria to organize into metabolically versatile communities capable of withstanding threats from external agents including bacteriophages, phagocytes, and antibiotics. We previously determined that oxygen availability spatially organizes respiration in uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms, and that the high-affinity respiratory quinol oxidase cytochrome bd is necessary...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33863914
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00210-x
PMCID: PMC8052454

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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