Cyanidin-3- O -glucoside represses tumor growth and invasion in vivo by suppressing autophagy via inhibition of the JNK signaling pathways

Abstract excerpt

and extended their survival in a dose dependent manner. Strikingly, the activation of both autonomous and non-autonomous autophagy in tumor flies was significantly reduced by C3G treatment. A further study indicated that C3G exhibited an antitumor effect in vivo by blocking autophagy both in tumor cells and in its microenvironment by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Interestingly, the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ, an...

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