Article
Multilevel and sex-specific selection on competitive traits in North American red squirrels.
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution - 1 Jul 2017
Fisher David N, Boutin Stan, Dantzer Ben, Humphries Murray M, Lane Jeffrey E, McAdam Andrew G
Abstract excerpt
Individuals often interact more closely with some members of the population (e.g., offspring, siblings, or group members) than they do with other individuals. This structuring of interactions can lead to multilevel natural selection, where traits expressed at the group-level influence fitness alongside individual-level traits. Such multilevel selection can alter evolutionary trajectories, yet is rarely quantified...
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