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Article

Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Lupus - 1 May 2014

Takvorian S U, Merola J F, Costenbader K H

Abstract excerpt

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multisystem autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. It is possible that common environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, might modify risk of disease devel...

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Identifiers

PMID: 24763538
DOI: 10.1177/0961203313501400

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-24763538-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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