PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Tumor Antigen–Specific CD8+ T Cells Induced by Melanoma Vaccines

Abstract excerpt

Although melanoma vaccines stimulate tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, objective clinical responses are rarely observed. To investigate this discrepancy, we evaluated the character of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells with regard to the inhibitory T-cell coreceptors PD-1 and Tim-3 in patients with metastatic melanoma who were administered tumor vaccines. The vaccines included incomplete Freund's adjuvant, CpG...

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