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Article

Molecular epidemiology and evolution of West Nile virus in North America.

International journal of environmental research and public health - 16 Oct 2013

Mann Brian R, McMullen Allison R, Swetnam Daniele M, Barrett Alan D T

Abstract excerpt

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype)....

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Identifiers

PMID: 24135819
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10105111
PMCID: PMC3823310

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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