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Article

Evolution, safety, and highly pathogenic influenza viruses.

Science (New York, N.Y.) - 22 Jun 2012

Lipsitch Marc, Plotkin Joshua B, Simonsen Lone, Bloom Barry

Abstract excerpt

Experience with influenza has shown that predictions of virus phenotype or fitness from nucleotide sequence are imperfect and that predicting the timing and course of evolution is extremely difficult. Such uncertainty means that the risk of experiments with mammalian-transmissible, possibly highly virulent influenza viruses remains high even if some aspects of their laboratory biology are reassuring; it also...

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Identifiers

PMID: 22723411
DOI: 10.1126/science.1223204
PMCID: PMC3467308

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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