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Article

Subtypes of panic attacks: a critical review of the empirical literature.

Depression and anxiety - 1 Jan 2009

Kircanski Katharina, Craske Michelle G, Epstein Alyssa M, Wittchen Hans-Ulrich

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising a variety of somatic, physiological, and cognitive symptoms during repeated panic attacks. As a result, considerable data have examined whether panic attacks may be classified into distinct diagnostic or functional subtypes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the existing literature regarding the validity of panic attack subtypes. METHODS: This...

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PMID: 19750553
DOI: 10.1002/da.20603

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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