The energetic costs of alternative male reproductive strategies in Xiphophorus nigrensis.

Abstract excerpt

The coexistence of alternative male mating strategies depends on the balance between costs and benefits. Here we examine the short-term metabolic costs associated with distinct reproductive strategies in the genetically determined alternative male phenotypes of a northern swordtail, Xiphophorus nigrensis. In this species, large males court females, non-adorned small males chase females, and intermediate males...

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