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Article

The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.) - 1 Dec 2008

Knafo Ariel, Zahn-Waxler Carolyn, Van Hulle Carol, Robinson JoAnn L, Rhee Soo Hyun

Abstract excerpt

The authors investigated the development of a disposition toward empathy and its genetic and environmental origins. Young twins' (N = 409 pairs) cognitive (hypothesis testing) and affective (empathic concern) empathy and prosocial behavior in response to simulated pain by mothers and examiners were observed at multiple time points. Children's mean level of empathy and prosociality increased from 14 to 36 months....

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Identifiers

PMID: 19102585
DOI: 10.1037/a0014179

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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