Article
Phenotypic plasticity, costs of phenotypes, and costs of plasticity: toward an integrative view.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - 1 Jan 2008
Callahan Hilary S, Maughan Heather, Steiner Ulrich K
Abstract excerpt
Why are some traits constitutive and others inducible? The term costs often appears in work addressing this issue but may be ambiguously defined. This review distinguishes two conceptually distinct types of costs: phenotypic costs and plasticity costs. Phenotypic costs are assessed from patterns of covariation, typically between a focal trait and a separate trait relevant to fitness. Plasticity costs, separable...
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