Article
Direct vs. inclusive fitness in the evolution of aphid cornicle length.
Journal of evolutionary biology - 1 Mar 2007
Mondor E B, Messing R H
Abstract excerpt
By comparing the relative sizes of anatomical structures among phenotypes, selective pressures that shape species' morphologies can be evaluated. Aphids emit droplets containing an alarm pheromone/defensive secretion from unique anatomical structures called cornicles, upon being attacked. As aphids live in colonies of high relatedness, it is uncertain whether direct or inclusive fitness benefits have chiefly...
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