On hidden heterogeneity in directional asymmetry--can systematic bias be avoided?

Abstract excerpt

Directional asymmetry (DA) biases the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) mainly because among-individual differences in the predisposition for DA are difficult to detect. However, we argue that systematic bias mainly results from predictable associations between signed right-left asymmetry and other factors, i.e. from systematic variation in DA. We here demonstrate methods to test and correct for this, by...

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