Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds.

Abstract excerpt

Questions about individual variation in "quality" and fitness are of great interest to evolutionary and population ecologists. Such variation can be investigated using either a random effects approach or an approach that relies on identifying observable traits that are themselves correlated with fitness components. We used the latter approach with data from 1,925 individual females of three species of ducks...

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