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Article

Prenatal smoking and early childhood conduct problems: testing genetic and environmental explanations of the association.

Archives of general psychiatry - 1 Aug 2004

Maughan Barbara, Taylor Alan, Caspi Avshalom, Moffitt Terrie E

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Extensive evidence now supports a statistical association between prenatal smoking and increased risk for antisocial outcomes in offspring. Though this statistical link may signal a causal association, commentators have urged caution in interpreting findings because of the likelihood of confounding. METHODS: We used data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a representative British...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 15289282
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.836

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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