Seasonal fluctuation in susceptibility to insecticides within natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: empirical observations of fitness costs of insecticide resistance.

Abstract excerpt

To investigate genetic variation and seasonal fluctuation in susceptibility to insecticides, natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were collected from Katsunuma in mid summer and late fall for two consecutive years. After isofemale lines of each population collected in each season had been established in a laboratory, the susceptibility of each line to five insecticides, including permethrin, malathion,...

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