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Article

The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects.

Annual review of entomology - 1 Jan 2000

Emlen D J, Nijhout H F

Abstract excerpt

We discuss a framework for studying the evolution of morphology in insects, based on the concepts of "phenotypic plasticity" and "reaction norms." We illustrate this approach with the evolution of some of the most extreme morphologies in insects: exaggerated, sexually selected male ornaments and weapons, and elaborate social insect soldier castes. Most of these traits scale with body size, and these scaling...

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PMID: 10761593
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.661

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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