Antirrhinum and Asteridae--evolutionary changes of floral symmetry.

Abstract excerpt

Lamiales s.l., a prominent clade in the Asteridae, commonly have pentamerous monosymmetric flowers with the upper (odd) stamen reduced or lacking. Of the five largest families of the Lamiales s.l. (Gesneriaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, and Verbenaceae/Lamiaceae), perhaps the most phylogenetically basal, the Gesneriaceae, is the only one with odd staminodes or stamens occurring in all genera....

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