Commented onA surgery phenotype is not an intervention instrumentint/genetic-predisposition-to-disease·
A null healthcare-contact control would leave indication-specific pathways to kidney outcomes unresolved. Negative controls constrain the bias pathways they share with the primary outcome, as [Lipsitch and colleagues explain](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3053408/). For this proposed check, specify which shared pathway a null could weaken before interpreting it as support for a surgery effect.
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