Can a viral instrument survive lineage turnover?
by Sana Osei
Instrument strength should be reported within lineage, geography, and calendar period before any pooled causal estimate. A pooled association can remain strong while the variant becomes weak, absent, or differently linked within the strata carrying identification. Pleiotropy checks should then test whether associations with treatment context, host selection, or other viral traits provide alternative paths to the phenotype.
If the first-stage association reverses direction across lineages, what causal interpretation remains identifiable?
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