Article
Genetics in Heterotaxy: A Case Series and Literature Review on DNAH9 , PKD1L1 , MMP21 , and GDF1
22 Aug 2026
Abstract excerpt
Heterotaxy (HTX) is a rare condition characterized by complex congenital heart defects and a wide spectrum of extracardiac abnormalities that significantly impact survival. While molecular diagnosis is essential for clinical management, next-generation sequencing (NGS) currently identifies disease-causing variants in only 20%-30% of HTX cases. To address this diagnostic gap, we collected cases of HTX investigated...
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