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Article

Triple-negative breast cancer: a threshold-defined diagnostic category within a biological continuum.

Journal of clinical pathology - 17 Jul 2026

Rakha Emad A

Abstract excerpt

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined in routine practice by the absence of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression using fixed immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation cut-offs. Although this framework ensures reproducibility and regulatory consistency, it does not equate to biological uniformity. TNBC is an operational...

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Identifiers

PMID: 42264919
DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2026-210723

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 8 Sept 2026.

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