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Article

CPAK phenotypes in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy: undercorrection as the key factor influencing clinical outcomes and cartilage regeneration.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research - 28 Jan 2026

Lo Yao-Chang, Chang Chih-Hao, Wang Chen-Ti, Chiang Hongsen, Chen Chien-Lin, Wang Jyh-Horng, Tseng Tzu-Hao

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) shifts the mechanical axis laterally to relieve medial knee stress. The CPAK classification, which categorizes knee alignment into nine phenotypes, has been scarcely applied in studies involving MOWHTO. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of CPAK phenotypes on cartilage regeneration and functional outcome after MOWHTO. METHODS: This was...

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Identifiers

PMID: 41606613
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-026-06666-x
PMCID: PMC12924326

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026.

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