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Article

Genetic, Epigenetic, and Non-Genetic Factors in Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Genes - 31 Dec 2025

Ciarloni Alessandro, Delli Muti Nicola, Sacco Sara, Ambo Nicola, Di Giacomi Valentina, Perrone Michele, Rossi Silvia, Balercia Marinella, Salvio Gianmaria, Balercia Giancarlo

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) is a complex disorder of the male reproductive system related to disfunction of the fetal testis. The clinical features of TDS may be evident at birth or infancy (cryptorchidism, hypospadias and/or reduced anogenital distance) or occur later in adulthood (testis cancer, infertility). Genetic background seems to be important for genetic predisposition, with new...

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Identifiers

PMID: 41595460
DOI: 10.3390/genes17010040
PMCID: PMC12841294

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