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Combined effects of EMS and NaCl-Induced salt stress on in vitro morphological and biochemical responses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes.

BMC plant biology - 26 Nov 2025

Altındal Nüket, Altındal Demet

Abstract excerpt

This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the in vitro morphological and biochemical responses of two Helianthus annuus L. genotypes, 11TRC and PALANCI-I. Explants were exposed to varying concentrations of EMS at 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% and NaCl at 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g/L, both individually and in combination. Morphological parameters such as...

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PMID: 41299296
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-07785-z
PMCID: PMC12750551

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