Efficacy and Safety of Visible and Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation Therapy on Astenospermic Human Sperm: Wavelength-Dependent Regulation of Nitric Oxide Levels and Mitochondrial Energetics

Abstract excerpt

Male infertility is a growing global concern, with asthenozoospermia being an important contributing factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in the metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) are key determinants of reduced sperm motility. This study investigates the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with visible and near-infrared (NIR) laser light on sperm of asthenozoospermic patients, focusing on mitochondrial...

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