Article
Left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non‐mammalian vertebrates: A comparative review, image atlas, and practical considerations
24 Feb 2022
Abstract excerpt
Heterophils and neutrophils are important first cellular responders to inflammatory conditions. In addition to quantitative shifts in the numbers of these cells in blood, inflammatory disease states often have accompanying increases in immature precursor stages (left shift) and/or evidence of toxic change on blood film evaluation. Recognition of left shift and toxic change morphologies is a salient diagnostic...
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