Article
European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS): protocol for two cohort studies to assess risk factors for tic onset and exacerbation in children and adolescents.
European child & adolescent psychiatry - 1 Jan 2019
Schrag Anette, Martino Davide, Apter Alan, Ball Juliane, Bartolini Erika, Benaroya-Milshtein Noa, Buttiglione Maura, Cardona Francesco, Creti Roberta, Efstratiou Androulla, Gariup Maria, Georgitsi Marianthi, Hedderly Tammy, Heyman Isobel, Margarit Immaculada, Mir Pablo, Moll Natalie, Morer Astrid, Müller Norbert, Müller-Vahl Kirsten, Münchau Alexander, Orefici Graziella, Plessen Kerstin J, Porcelli Cesare, Paschou Peristera, Rizzo Renata, Roessner Veit, Schwarz Markus J, Steinberg Tamar, Tagwerker Gloor Friederike, Tarnok Zsanett, Walitza Susanne, Dietrich Andrea, Hoekstra Pieter J
Abstract excerpt
Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [e.g. pre- and perinatal difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might interact to create a neurobiological vulnerability to the development of tics and associated behaviours. However, the existing evidence for this relies primarily on small prospective or larger retrospective population-based studies,...
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