Article
A South African mixed race lip/philtrum guide for diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A - 1 Apr 2015
Hoyme H Eugene, Hoyme Derek B, Elliott Amy J, Blankenship Jason, Kalberg Wendy O, Buckley David, Abdul-Rahman Omar, Adam Margaret P, Robinson Luther K, Manning Melanie, Bezuidenhout Heidre, Jones Kenneth L, May Philip A
Abstract excerpt
The adverse effects of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy represent a spectrum of growth restriction, facial dysmorphology, and neurocognitive challenges in the offspring. The continuum of diagnoses is referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Short palpebral fissures, a smooth philtrum, and a thin vermilion border of the upper lip comprise the three cardinal facial features of FASD. Early...
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