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Article

Integrated phenotypes: understanding trait covariation in plants and animals.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences - 19 Aug 2014

Armbruster W Scott, Pélabon Christophe, Bolstad Geir H, Hansen Thomas F

Abstract excerpt

Integration and modularity refer to the patterns and processes of trait interaction and independence. Both terms have complex histories with respect to both conceptualization and quantification, resulting in a plethora of integration indices in use. We review briefly the divergent definitions, uses and measures of integration and modularity and make conceptual links to allometry. We also discuss how integration...

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Identifiers

PMID: 25002693
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0245
PMCID: PMC4084533

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