Article
Non-immunological defense in an evolutionary framework.
Trends in ecology & evolution - 1 May 2011
Parker Benjamin J, Barribeau Seth M, Laughton Alice M, de Roode Jacobus C, Gerardo Nicole M
Abstract excerpt
After parasite infection, invertebrates activate immune system-based defenses such as encapsulation and the signaling pathways of the innate immune system. However, hosts are often able to defend against parasites without using these mechanisms. The non-immunological defenses, such as behaviors that prevent or combat infection, symbiont-mediated defense, and fecundity compensation, are often ignored but can be...
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