Judging the carcinogenicity of human papillomavirus types by single/multiple infection ratio in cervical cancer

Abstract excerpt

Persistent infection with certain human papillomavirus (HPV) strains (types) is accepted as the necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). However, for the development of screening tests and vaccines, the carcinogenicity of each HPV type needs to be judged separately. Whilst some types, like HPV16 and HPV18, are clear and powerful carcinogens, classification of rare HPV types has been challenging: not...

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