Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity in island populations of the common frog Rana temporaria under divergent selection pressures.

Abstract excerpt

Costs and limits are assumed to be the major constraints on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. However, despite their expected importance, they have been surprisingly hard to find in natural populations. It has therefore been argued that natural selection might have removed high-cost genotypes in all populations. However, if costs of plasticity are linked to the degree of plasticity expressed, then high...

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