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Article

Continuous presence of noroviruses and sapoviruses in raw sewage reflects infections among inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008).

Applied and environmental microbiology - 1 Mar 2009

Iwai Masae, Hasegawa Sumiyo, Obara Mayumi, Nakamura Kazuya, Horimoto Eiji, Takizawa Takenori, Kurata Takeshi, Sogen Shun-ichi, Shiraki Kimiyasu

Abstract excerpt

Various genotypes of norovirus (NoV) (genogroup I genotype 1 [GI.1], -2, -4, -5, -8, -11, -12, and -14; GII.3, -4, -6, -7, -10, -13, -14, and -15), and sapovirus (SaV) (GI.1 and GI.2, GII.1, and GIV.1) were detected from raw sewage from April 2006 to March 2008, while limited numbers of genotypes...

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Identifiers

PMID: 19124591
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01166-08
PMCID: PMC2648165

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 2 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-19124591-2026-09-02.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-02.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 2 Sept 2026.

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